The Bang, the Smoke, and the Aftermath
2. The Potential Explosive Reactions
So, what exactly does "break down" mean? In the best-case scenario, nothing. The circuit might just not work. But more often, the reversed capacitor starts to heat up. As the internal insulating layer weakens, the capacitor becomes increasingly conductive, allowing more current to flow through it. This leads to more heat, creating a vicious cycle. This heat rapidly increases the pressure inside the capacitor.
Eventually, the pressure becomes too much, and the capacitor can vent, leak, or even explode. Now, "explode" might conjure images of a Hollywood-style fireball, but it's usually more of a pop or a bang, accompanied by some smoke and potentially some unpleasant smells. Electrolytic capacitors contain a liquid electrolyte, which can be corrosive and irritating. That's the stuff that comes leaking out.
Tantalum capacitors are particularly prone to dramatic failures. They tend to short circuit and can ignite in a shower of sparks. So, yes, while it is not a massive explosion, it can cause a flame. It's like a tiny, contained firecracker, and you definitely don't want to be too close when it goes off!
Of course, the severity of the outcome depends on several factors, including the capacitor's voltage rating, the amount of current available in the circuit, and the type of capacitor. A small capacitor in a low-voltage circuit might just fizzle quietly, while a larger capacitor in a high-power circuit could put on a more spectacular show.
